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Abstract: The thought of interaction of sex and consciousness became one of the key ideas in ethical thinking of the Western philosophers of the 18th century. J.J. Russo took the idea of moral dependency on sex as the basis of the pedagogical theory of boys’ and girls’ upbringing. In his philosophical and pedagogical treatise “Emile, or On educating”, he described in detail the process of forming of an ideal citizen — a Man and his submissive companion, a Woman. J.J. Russo’s conception of gender upbringing has defined many aspects of the ideology of gender upbringing and educating in most of the European countries including Russia.