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Abstract: The article studies the work of retraining courses and Soviet party schools in Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk in the 1920 s whose aim was advanced training of teachers in the Ural. The above-mentioned forms of training made it possible to increase the level of education and improve teaching skills as well as to introduce school innovative techniques. During this period much attention was paid to the study of social and political subjects based on the Marxist-Leninist theory. It was to stimulate political loyalty of school teachers to the existing regime, contribute to the propaganda of the Soviet ideology and prepare teachers for participation in economic and political campaigns organized by the Soviet power.