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Abstract: The article studies the content of mentoring as a type of activity, presents modern approaches to identifying the types of mentors, their role and functions in modern world. The basis for the analysis is the works of domestic and foreign researchers, the experience of large Russian companies in the development of the mentoring system for sharing experience with new employees, as well as working together with teachers in universities, schools and other educational organizations. Due to the need for a breakthrough in the domestic system of economic and production relations, it is shown that the role of a mentor and a mentee must undergo significant changes. One of the directions for the development of the mentoring system in future should be, in the opinion of the authors, a "mentoring laboratory" that will help understand the ways of its transformation through the use of special techniques and practices. Such “Mentoring Laboratory” was established in the frames of the contract between the Fund for Talented Children and Youth Support “The Golden Ratio”, Ural State University of Economics and Ural State Pedagogical University. The Mentoring Laboratory contributes to the development of the human resources potential in the region in the following ways: it searches for talented and motivated children, enhancing their motivation to learning and career choice; it identifies all the types of practical tasks for children’s and teenagers’ groups; it provides early immersion into profession in a factory and develops measures to attract and retain staff, etc.