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Abstract: In the article, the authors explain the need to use linguistic potential of historicisms and archaisms at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. The article presents tasks on historicisms and archaisms oriented at formation of professional competence of foreign students-philologists. The purpose of the work with such materials is to provide high-quality training of foreign philologists, increase of motivation of foreign students to study Russian, formation of professional competences in the field of linguistics and speech culture. The authors believe that the high quality of language training of foreign students-philologists Russian universities is an important part of their professional competences. However, foreign students do not always understand national and cultural specificity of the vocabulary of the language. It does not allow them to associate the same information with lexemes as the native speaker does. Analyzing historicisms and archaisms, foreign students may get a better understanding of the lexical semantics of words and the linguistic nature of obsolete words, and understand correctly the meaning and content of literary texts of the 18th and 19th centuries. The knowledge of the cultural-historical and linguistic past of the Russian people enhances linguistic guessing and increases the level of communicative competence of foreign students-philologists. An integrated approach to designing the structural-semantic and didactic components on the material of historicisms and archaisms could make the process of teaching more optimal and efficient.