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Abstract: The article deals with the problems of modern Natural Sciences education in schools and universities on the example of the USPU. Formation of the modern natural scientific picture of the world and the scientific worldview remains relevant, as well as the ratio of the Humanities and natural sciences in higher pedagogical education. Among the trends in Natural Sciences education in the USPU we may single out the following: legal and qualified means, the content of education, technologies and material and technical means. The development of the modern Natural Sciences is the factor of the social and economic development of the society. The role of Natural Sciences in the development and achievement of personhood is difficult to overestimate: the knowledge and understanding of the modern natural scientific picture of the world are in the basis of understanding the global problems of the mankind and the ways of their solution. The basis for the development of Natural Sciences education at school and at the university should be competence-based approach and practice-oriented educational technologies, which allow to take into account personal and professional aspects of the student’s activity.