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Abstract: The paper discusses the issue of professional thinking development as an important part of their professional culture; it describes the negative aspects of stereotypes referring to the work of speech pathologists. Based on the wide-spread statements found in logopedic reports including “general speech underdevelopment” and “phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment”, the paper shows the negative consequences of stereotypical approach to the study and improvement of verbal communication disorders caused by the difficulties of language acquisition. The research includes comparative analysis of the nomenclature of speech or language inadequacy in foreign and domestic speech therapy. Historial and methodological analysis of the development of the theory of speech or language inadequacy in Russia allows to disclose the reasons for inappropriate use of such statements as “general speech underdevelopment” and “phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment” in logopedic reports for the people suffering from cognitive, sensor or affective behavioral disorders. The author of the article proposes to make corrections of the generally accepted three-level structure of speech development of children, as its descriptive nature touches upon only external verbal communication, but doesn’t refer to the inner thinking and speaking processes. Based on the analysis of the principle of speech and language means acquisition, the article singles out five stages of the native language acquisition by a child, each of them contributing to the qualitative changes in cognitive and linguistic development of a child.