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Abstract: The article analyzes repressive policy of the Soviet Government against teachers in the Ural in 1930-s when the program “Great Leap” was implemented; a part of the program prescribed introduction of compulsory secondary seven-year education, the so-called Vseobuch. Disruption of the plan to educate everyone, the difficulties that the teachers faced and lack of financial support led to repressive policy against teachers in the Urals in late 1930-s, as the Bolsheviks explained the failure of the program by the activity of the “enemies of the people” among the teachers. The article analyzes the changes in the Soviet policy in the field of education, which manifested themselves in the measures taken by the government – from administrative in the beginning of the 1930-s to terroristic and repressive after 1934. Repressive policy aimed at fulfillment of the plan to educate everyone (Vseobuch). Special attention is paid in the article to village teachers in the Ural, who had to perform their duties along with collectivization. Repressive measures, practiced by the Bolsheviks when collective farms were introduced, were used against village teachers too. The article pays special attention to the fact that during 1930-s there were purges of the teaching staff according to the social status, class belonging and political unreliability. Punishment for violation of the orders from the Government changes: from administrative fine and dismissal to imprisonment.