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Abstract: The phenomenon of self-destructive behavior (SDB) has not been thoroughly studied in psychology yet. Still the issue is rather urgent and needs detailed investigation. Teenagers, their parents and teachers come across SDB every day. In order to create an efficient model of SDB prevention in students, it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of this phenomenon and to figure out various factors and relations causing it. The article provides the results of a comparative study of the peculiarities of SDB with reference to gender, age and type of education institution. The results have been analyzed on the basis of mathematical-statistic data processing using the software package IBM SPSS Statistics 10.0. The study has revealed the peculiarities of self-destructive behavior of students depending on the gender, age and type of education institution. The sample included 130 teenagers attending various education institutions of Sverdlovsk Region. It was found out that the ages of 13-14 years were critical: at these ages, the majority of teenagers demonstrate a tendency towards violation of norms and rules, aggression and violence, delinquency, resolution of problems through violence, and humiliation of the partner as a means of self-assessment stabilization. The analysis has shown that various types and kinds of SDB are more widespread among female teenagers. The results obtained testify to the fact that the incidence of SDB in education institutions in large cities is higher than in rural schools. This may be due to the abundance of information which can be inadequately interpreted by the teenagers from the cities. The results of the study may be used for designing a complex program of prevention of SDB under the conditions of an education institution.