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Abstract: The article studies the history of teaching in elementary state schools in the revolutionary years of 1905-1907. The article give the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of teachers. In the rural areas of the rals, teachers were the only educated people who could teach the inhabitants of the region and interpret the situation in the country. However, socio-political activity of teachers had negative consequences for them in various types of persecution by the state administration. Teachers officially had the status of civil servants, so they had to be loyal to the government. However, they caught the revolutionary spirit, as most of the teachers were of the same origin as revolutioners: peasants, middle class and other urban inhabitants. They were united by the ideas of changes in Russia. The article draws attention to rather mild forms of punishment of teachers for political reasons. This can be explained by a number of reasons. First, the weak evidence base of allegations of unreliability. In the Urals there was no police control. Second, most teachers in the Urals were women; due to their sex, they were not punished severely. Thirdly, if they arrested and exiled all teachers, there would be no one to teach the inhabitants of the region.