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Abstract: The article describes the result of research of cognitive functions of teenagers with perinatal HIV getting antiretroviral therapy (ART). The group (61 people) was divided into two parts: the first part included HIV positive teenagers aged 13-15 (29 people) who have been getting ART for 7-10 years; the second part included HIV negative teenagers (32 people). The following methods were used: School Test of Mental Development (sub-tests № 3 “Analogies”, № 4 “Classifications”, № 5 “Generalizations”; the Dot cancellation test or Bourdon-Wiersma test; short-time memory test; the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (for children); sub-tests № 1 “Knowledge”, № 3 “Arithmetic”, № 4 “Similarity”, № 6 “Revision of numbers”, № 7 “Missing parts”, № 9 “The Kohs Block test”). The following hypotheses have been tested in this research: 1) HIV positive teenagers getting ART have lower level of cognitive development than their HIV negative peers. 2) There is a correlation between the age of beginning ART and cognitive development in teen age. Comparative analysis of the results proved the differences in the scope of knowledge, the level of mental processes development (analysis and synthesis of information, ability to compare, generalize and structure the information), the quality of memory and attention (productivity of attention, quality of short-time memory and attention): HIV positive teenagers show lower level of development of the above-mentioned qualities than their HIV negative peers. Thus, the first hypothesis is confirmed in this research: HIV positive teenagers getting ART have lower level of cognitive development than their HIV negative peers. The second hypothesis is partially confirmed and is true to analytical and synthetical abilities: there is a correlation between the age of beginning ART and the abilities of analysis and synthesis of information of HIV positive teenagers.