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Abstract: This article describes the concepts of ―giftedness‖ and ―wisdom‖, as the highest level of its development, from the point of view of ancient philosophers, where the levels of cognitive abilities had been detected – personal, strong-willed and emotional constituents of giftedness. There were also moral and spiritual aspects that add distinctive features of the concept ―wisdom‖, which was emphasized at all times. Basing on the views of ancient philosophers it is assumed that the wisdom in the understanding of that era and the term denoted by modern researchers as ―intellectual giftedness‖ as the unity of a high level of intellectual, personal and spiritual capabilities, are represented as equivalents by the content concept. We also consider the question of the determinants of giftedness development inherent to historical epochs of these ideas developments, and where there are natural (divine, from the point of view of ancient philosophers), and in particular, environmental backgrounds for the giftedness (the influence of the physical environment, the opportunities for training and education). Consideration in parallel angles of vision of ―giftedness‖ by ancient philosophers and modern scientists makes it possible to trace the understanding of some aspects of this concept, which are shown on empirical and experimental basis; their development in different eras – ideas, resonating with each other through time, sometimes contributing to the manifestation of their differences, correspondences, complementarities and additions at a new level. Sometimes it is necessary to refer to certain ideas and ideals of the past in the education and training of a new generation in general, and of a talented – in particular.