Journal archive

Abstract: The article deals with a propaedeutic study of stochastic elements at mathematics lessons in primary school. The purpose of this article is to identify and study the methods of training of primary school pupils for solving statistical tasks. The article discusses the concepts of "stochastics", "combinatorial problem", "probabilistic problem", "statistical problem" and "formal" and "informal" methods of solution. The author dwells on various approaches to the implementation into the practice of primary school of the content line "Elements of Stochastics" on the basis of analysis of curricula and textbooks in mathematics for elementary school, designed according to the Concept of the Standard of the second generation. The article gives a brief description of the three types of stochastic problems: combinatorial, probabilistic and statistical. It describes the classification of combinatorial problems on the following grounds: the nature of task requirements, the complexity of exhaustive search, type of combination, selection method and ordered sets. Under the provisions of the theory of formation of mental actions and concepts by Galperin, the article discloses the stages of formation of the ability to perform a systematic search. The practical significance of the study consists in the fact, that the identified method of teaching problem solving can be used by educators to produce a complex of exercises ensuring the formation of stochastic concepts and a general method for solving stochastic problems.