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Abstract: The article deals with the formation of the historical-cultural conception of L. S. Vygotskiy at the early stage of his creative activity, when the provincial newspapers of Gomel' began to publish his critical reviews of theatrical productions. These reviews inseparably combine the scientific and the critical principles. Analyzing ballets and dramas, L. S. Vygotskiy uses popularly formulated ideas and notions, which would later form the foundation of his historical-cultural conception of psychology. The scholar combines scientific and publicistic kinds of discourse rather nicely. His reviews are actually meant for two addressees: a regular reader and the reader acquainted with the fundamentals of psychology. Theatrical reviews reflect one of the basic ideas of L. S. Vygotskiy – the theory of sign and signemic nature. The scholar laid the foundation of what later would be called ―secondary sign systems‖. The results of his reflection on the problems of art and their connection with the science of psychology would be published in his fundamental work ―The Psychology of Art‖, first published three decades after the author‘s death.