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Abstract: The development of physical culture and sports is the major component of the state’s social policy. The implementation of this policy is reflected in the system of Russian National Sports Complex “Ready for Labour and Defence!” (GTO). Mass swimming trainings are of the state significance and are included into Russian National Sports Complex (RNSC). Accordingly, the specificity of swimming as a structural component of the RNSC is disclosed in this article. The authors outline its principal goals and objectives, educational and sports work on teaching at different levels of the physical training movement (sports societies, specialised secondary schools and colleges, general educational institutions, and pre-school institutions), and organization of RNSC activities among adult population. The special attention is given to the process of training for passing qualifying RNSC “Ready for Labour and Defence” tests, which includes first of all teaching to swim, regular training in groups with instructor, conditions, and factors, influencing learning to swim. In addition, this paper reveals basic forms of physical state self-control of professional and novice swimmer in the process of training to pass qualifying RNSC tests.