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Abstract: This paper aims to review the practical concept of interlingual interference of the studied language, Russian in the target language, mother tongue, Slovak language with the attempt to define the existence of errors according to their sources as false analogy, misanalysis, incorrect rule application, etc. Language transfer was expected to occur since the Russian and Slovak languages belong to the same language family. Students´ translations from the Russian language to Slovak were analysed with the objectives to investigate the errors committed by these learners in order to find out the impact of their L2 on their L1. The paper contains original illustrations taken from students´ translations and commentaries together with possible solutions of translation problems. The findings of the study suggest that the fact of having a good command of a foreign language does not guarantee absence of interlingual interference; it arises every now and then.