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Abstract: The article deals with the necessity of forming listening competence in the process of master’s degree students’ and postgraduates’ in foreign language professional education. Such notions as listening competence and academic listening are described in details. Classification of different types of academic listening is given. The basis of this classification lies in various sources and situations of academic listening, its aims, character of methodological clues. Analyzing the questionnaires completed by master’s degree and postgraduate students the authors find out a number of methodological problems preventing effective academic listening. The authors point out that this kind of listening is difficult for students, and it is not developed enough in the methodology of foreign language teaching at universities. The reasons of academic listening challenges are demonstrated in the article. The authors mark the importance and novelty of this problem in connection with active participation of master’s degree and postgraduate students in international scientific symposia, conferences and seminars. In conclusion, the authors pay attention to the necessity of forming different groups of self-improvement listening skills. They are the skills of self-methodological motivation and orientation, self-control and self-correction. More attention should be paid to setting pre-listening tasks and choosing professional texts for academic listening. The authors stress that this methodological phenomenon should be investigated further.