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Abstract: The article discusses the concept of "error" in the Russian language as described in the dictionary of concept spheres of the Russian language and the associative dictionary, reflecting the association responses of schoolchildren. Use of special material sources enables the author to consider the concept of “error” in comparison: the concept of language and the concept of linguistic consciousness of schoolchildren. The article describes the features of the concept of "error" in the Russian language, the means of representation of the concept, the features of the concept "error" in the linguistic consciousness of schoolchildren. The dynamics of the concept "error" in the linguistic consciousness of schoolchildren is presented building on the associative responses of schoolchildren to the stimulus: the content of the concept "error" was revealed in the linguistic consciousness of primary school pupils, basic school pupils (junior and senior teenagers), and senior school pupils. Analyzing association responses, the author shows the common and specific features in the content of the concept in linguistic consciousness of pupils of different age groups, reveals the features of the concept "error" that are relevant to pupils and connected with academic activity and various aspects of its realization: academic subjects, exercise types, persons included in the learning activity. The author comes to the conclusion about the actualization of the negative perception of error in linguistic consciousness of pupils, and the gradual expansion of "space" of error and changes in the assessment of its aftereffects.