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Abstract: This article presents the results of an empirical study of individual psychological characteristics of cadets and their relationship with the level of adaptation to the educational environment of the Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Successful adaptation to academic activity is one of the factors stimulating hidden abilities of a person and their readiness to overcome the difficulties that appear in the course of professional development, which is one of the important problems of contemporary science. The research showed that the cadets showing low level of adaptation treat themselves and their actions negatively, they show low self-esteem and they can hardly solve any problems in life; facing difficulties they get in the state of frustration and stress. Freshmen of high adaptation level treat themselves and their actions positively, which is proved by satisfaction of life. At the same time freshmen of high adaptation level are in good mood, while the cadets of low adaptation level show little interest in life, it is difficult for them to make goals and reach them, these cadets treat themselves and their actions negatively. During the research some individual and psychological predictors of adaptability of cadets to the changing conditions of the educational environment and to process of the considerable changes happening in the modern world are revealed. The result of the research may be the basis for development of the methods of activation of adaptational abilities, which were not formed to the full extent, but are necessary for successful acquisition of knowledge and skills important for the future profession.