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Abstract: The article briefly describes activity as a specific conscious type of human behavior. The essence of educational activity is one of the main types of human activity. The main result of educational activity is formation of theoretical way of thinking of the trainees. The level of formation of theoretical thinking, which replaces empirical thinking, influences all the knowledge acquired further in the process of studying. Characteristics of adolescence is given; peculiarities of the studying process of the students are discussed; the basic components of the personality structure of a student are studied, which determine readiness for academic activities at the University of MIA of Russia. Adolescence coincides with the period of student life. A student or a cadet, as a person of certain age, may be characterized from three points of view: psychological, social and biological. This age is characterized by the shortest period of latent reactions on simple, combined and verbal signals; optimal absolute and difference sensitivity of analyzer; and flexibility in formation of complex psychomotor and other skills. The age of 17-21 is a period of quick development of moral and aesthetic standards, stabilization of character and acquisition of the whole complex of social roles of an adult person: civil, professional and labour and others. Student age is also characterized by the fact that this is the period of optimal development of intellectual and physiological spheres. The study of these spheres reveals the qualities and abilities of a student/cadet, their age-specific and personal features. The most important psychological features of a person, forming readiness of a student to learning activity are the qualities of personality and cognitive psychological processes.