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Abstract: Scientific pedagogical activity of the outstanding scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician M. I. Makhmutov, and his contribution to the development of the theory of problem-based learning in secondary and vocational school and development of continuous professional education in Russia, in particular Tatarstan, are discussed. An important contribution of M.I. Makhmutov in the theory of problem-based training is the system of methods of training on the binary basis with regard to the principles of goal-setting, problematic character and activity approach to the educational process. Many scholars tried to work out teaching methods on the same basis, among them N.M. Verzilin, M.M. Levin, N.M. Mochalov, but the system of methods by M.I. Makhmutov is recognized as the best one. The questions of theory and practice of problem-based training on the basis of the worked out system of methods are discussed in several theoretical and experimental works. According to M.I. Makmutov training method is not a type and way of activity, but a system of rules of pedagogical interaction, which the teacher and students should follow while choosing certain actions to reach the set goals of training. Great are the merits of M.I. Makhmutov in organization of innovative educational establishment of higher school – Tatar and Armyan Regional Institute (TARI), in which training is based on the American educational system (1992). The students are involved in scientific research work, and apart from classic foreign languages (English, German or French), they are obliged to study Tatar and Arabic languages. According to M.I. Makhmutov, we shouldn’t ignore the fact that Russia is Eurasian state, it is the successor of several autonomous republics including the Golden Horde and the other four Tatar states. That’s why Russian patriotism should be raised on the basis of the common historical past of not only the Russians by origin, but Russian citizens as well, on the fact they spilt their blood while protecting the Motherland. M.I. Makhmutov is the author of more than 500 scientific works in Pedagogy, Linguistics and Islamic studies.