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Abstract: Labor activity is the most important condition for self-development, life satisfaction and socialization. This article presents the results of research in the field of readiness for work, obtained in the Russian and Slovak empirical sample, which included University students, people under the retirement age (working and unemployed), working pensioners aged 55–65 years. The study also included students of secondary schools in order to identify factors that influence the formation of readiness for work. The authors employed a modified questionnaire of willingness to work (AGR) Bugelova (Búgelová, 2012), the Questionnaire of willingness to work for students (AGR—D) T. Bigelova (Búgelová , 2011), the Questionnaire Work involvement scale (professional scale) (WIS) authors P. Warr, J. Cook and T. Wall) determines the level of psychosocial need for work. The authors have revealed significant differences in attitude to work and readiness for work among representatives of different age groups. The data obtained indicate a decreasing level of readiness for work and employment of school and University students, a high level of need for continued employment of pensioners. Students with a higher than average readiness to work than their peers with a lower level of readiness to work are dependent on monetary remuneration for work, which can be interpreted as a higher focus on the content of work, rather than its economic component. The authors also come to the conclusion that, despite the economic, political and economic changes, the basis for the development of a positive attitude to work is the family, involvement in socially active activities, the success of educational activities.