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Abstract: The article argues that it is necessary to lay the foundation of the Cossacks culture in higher education institutions in the polycultural student environment. The formation of students’ competences in the fundamentals of the traditional Cossacks culture presupposes the use of various socio-pedagogical technologies. Education, upbringing, joint activity and communication function as mechanisms of formation of the fundamentals of the Cossacks culture in the student environment. In the given context higher education institutions take into account the impact upon the younger generation of the social milieu, provide them reliable knowledge, aimed at the formation of the positive attitude to the Cossacks culture. The article sets out a number of principles which could be used as a basis for the formation of the fundamentals of the Cossacks culture in the student environment. It also describes the cultural-pedagogical competences which higher school teachers, working in the conditions of the polycultural environment, should possess.