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Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of trends in the theory of methods of teaching foreign languages for specific purposes. The modern period can be characterized by a constant growth of interest in the study of foreign languages both for personal and professional purposes. The learning process includes all age groups and new organizational forms. The requirements in the field of school and higher education are being constantly changed. New purposes for foreign language learning need special methods, which would meet the learners´ new demands. To develop the theoretical basis for the systems of methods of teaching foreign languages for specific purposes, the author considers variable learning conditions, which differentiate these systems in their content and choice of methods for the formation of basic language competences. These conditions are represented as a set of external and internal factors, which reflect the characteristics and profile of the educational institution on the one side and personal qualities and students` needs on the other. Considering the factors of educational institutions, the author follows the division into school and University profiles of teaching foreign languages and describes the main innovations in their development, analyzes new organizational forms, such as linguistic centers, distance education and individual training.