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Abstract: Language is a multiaspect phenomenon, which has different functions. It leads to the appearance of different research areas, such as applied linguistics, general linguistics, pedagogy (linguistic education, teaching foreign languages), psycholinguistics cognitive linguistics, theory of language acquisition, methods of pragmalinguistic research etc. Much attention is paid today to testing pragmatic abilities. The world scientific community has certain achievements in this area, but they haven’t been introduced into practice yet and the theories are rather hypotheses than statements. Besides, this linguistic area is new to the Chinese scientists and they can’t boast of serious achievements. This paper discusses the interrelations between linguistics and language teaching, special attention is paid to the difficulties in learning Russian. The analyzed material made it possible to make some improvements of testing pragmatic abilities.