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Abstract: The article dwells on the historical aspect of the problem of professional development of teachers in Trans-Urals region. In the course of her research, the author has analyzed archival documents on the basis of which the following conclusions have been drawn. In addition to the typical provincial system of training teachers comprising boys and girls schools, city schools, teacher's seminary, and the system of boarding schools an extensive network of advanced training of teachers functioned in the Trans-Urals region. It included the organization of pedagogical courses, meetings, conferences, congresses; there were new forms of professional advancement of teachers, such as pedagogical museum, teacher's libraries, and teacher’s excursions covering practically the whole region. Besides, the author describes the significant contribution of local government bodies to the process of advanced training of teachers of the region under consideration. The information about the state of pedagogical education obtained as a result of the analysis of archival documents can be used in for description of systems of advanced training of teachers in other regions of the country. The materials of the study can be used in the course of lectures and while designing teachers’ guides in the history of pedagogy and education of the Trans-Urals region, and in writing theoretical works on pedagogical education. The theoretical assumptions and conclusions laid out in the paper can be put at the basis of activities of institutes of advanced training of pedagogical workers.