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Abstract: The article describes theoretical aspects of a psychological study of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and presents an analysis of different approaches to the issue in foreign and domestic studies. The article also identifies the urgency of the problem, singles out the key concepts of the problem of hyperactivity, presents different viewpoints on the nature of hyperactivity in children and characterizes a hyperactive child. In the beginning of the article the author formulates the problem of research, which is brought about by the increasing number of children with hyperactivity. The paper presents the results of a screening research analysis of the stages, factors and components in the development of hyperactivity in children, reveals gender peculiarities of hyperactivity in children and describes different concepts that consider hyperactivity of children from the point of view of medico-biological, psychological and social preconditions of this phenomenon. The author distinguishes the following causes of hyperactivity in children: behavioral disorders as a result of disbalance of processes of excitation and inhibition in the nervous system, minimal brain dysfunction, i.e. a number of micro-damages of the brain structures (resulting from birth trauma, neonatal asphyxia and numerous similar reasons). The presented theoretical analysis determined the content of the concept of ADHD and the causes and factors of its formation.