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Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of pupils’ interiorization of cultural achievements in the process of studying works of fiction at literature lessons and acquaintance with the works of art. Based on the achievements of modern researchers of the problems of culture-oriented education, the requirements of educational standards and model program of a course of literature study at secondary school, the author describes the mechanisms of construction of the cultural space of the lesson, "cultural practices", among which we find familiarity with critical art texts and studying cultural texts (works of fiction, pieces of music, paintings, architectural or sculptural monuments, etc.). The article reviews specific techniques of realization of the culturological approach in the classroom: use of role plays, conduct of simulation excursions, acquaintance with the products of folk decorative-applied art; analysis of texts containing Russian studies vocabulary, reflecting the life, traditions and customs of the people. Worthy of attention are the form of cultural representation of texts described by the author: cultural reference, cultural-historical commentary, cultural characteristics of a literary image, and cultural review. The author emphasizes the significance of turning to the best samples of national literature in terms of their cultural analysis, the role of culture in training and education of the youth in the process of modernization of the modern Russian education.