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Abstract: The paper is devoted to the destructive behavior of teenagers at school. Such behavior manifests itself in the violation of school routine, in the conflicts with the other pupils and teachers, and the damage of school property. Destructive behavior is diverse, but it reflects aggressive and oppositional attitude of a teenager to the social environment of school. Contemporary beliefs on the genesis of such behavior are focused mostly on the questions of psychological development of a child, problems in the family and the negative impact of the people of the same age and adults. Social and psychological factors of destructive behavior connected with school are often not regarded by the researchers. The aim of this article is to discuss the result of the teenager’s identification with social environment of a school as the main reason of destructive behavior. The role of social environment in the formation of social and personal identity is described, the impact of adults and people of the same age on teenager’s criminal and selfdestructive behavior are discussed. The role of school social environment in the development of social identity is analyzed. The review of the research works makes it possible to conclude that the result of teenager’s identity are social role, self-esteem and self-effectiveness, while their negative qualities depend on the degree of involvement of a teenager in relations at school. Thus discrepancy of the real social role and the view of a teenager of his social role, inability to get social estimation of his behavior, ineffective influence of a teenager on his fellows leads to the negative thoughts and emotions and all these problems manifest themselves in different types of destructive behavior. Besides, the desire of a teenager to change his social role causes damage of the objects of social environment of a school.