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Abstract: The article shows that the existing automatic systems of training and control of knowledge do not allow to judge about the level of knowledge of the trainees and have a rigid structure, i.e., they are nonadaptive. For adaptive learning systems a teacher needs some information about the knowledge and goals of students (user’s model), along with the knowledge about the subject. Consideration of the user’s model allows to develop adaptive learning system that identifies the level of the student's knowledge and provides each user with an individual trajectory of training and customized electronic textbook. One of the options for building adaptive learning systems is the organization of learning process based on the use of the achievements of Cybernetics, synergetics, the theory of artificial intelligence in the aspects of the development and expansion of the concepts, principles and methods of didactics and educational technologies. The proposed approach is based on the structure of human knowledge, the principles of the development of artificial intelligence systems and semantic information systems, which is the learning process. It combines procedural and declarative approach to knowledge representation, based on the theory of semantic networks and production rules. The intelligent system of training and control of knowledge is based on the proposed methodological guidelines. A pedagogical experiment using the developed intelligent tutoring system was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and prove the proposed hypothesis. The result of the teaching experiment is quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as confirming the hypothesis.