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Abstract: The article analyzes the concepts "natural-scientific thinking" (classification by object of activity) and "clinical thinking" (classification by features of professional activity). Natural-scientific and clinical thinking are interrelated concepts, that is they have some differences and similarities. The objects of clinical thinking are physical, chemical and biological concepts on the basis of which clinical concepts are formulated (e.g. ultrasound, x-ray and other ionizing radiation, physical bases of a hemodynamics, biological membranes, bioelectrogenesis, physical bases of auscultation, percussion, echolocation methods, measurements of blood pressure, viscosity, spectral analysis, physical and physiological characteristics of a sound, audiometry). The similarities of these types of thinking also include the knowledge in different branches of science (both in clinical disciplines and in natural-scientific and humanitarian subjects). Besides it is possible to refer analogy between professional activity and experimental activity in laboratory to the common features (when using a technique of formation of the generalized experimental abilities of students of medical school) in the course of which the clinical and natural-scientific thinking are developed. It is also possible to single out the levels of these types of thinking. The main difference reveals itself in classifications on different grounds. Clinical thinkings can be only theoretical. In this regard it is possible to single out stages of development of preclinical and clinical thinking. The hypothesis of influence of natural-scientific thinking on the development of clinical thinking is made.