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Abstract: The modern society needs skilled professionals, so competency-based approach becomes the leading one in modern vocational education, which largely contributes to the quality of vocational education, whose main task is the formation of different competencies of the graduates. Currently, much attention is paid to professional training of specialists of EMERCOM of Russia, as there are more and more natural, technological and social disasters. The EMERCOM of Russia specialists must have a deep and strong professional knowledge and master professional skills, i.e. to have a high level of formation of professional competence need to be willing to risk lives to prevent disasters and eliminate the consequences of disasters, and to save people. In educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia we teach firefighters and rescue workers; much attention is paid to the education of students’ personal and professional qualities. The article characterizes the professional competence of cadets of educational institutions of Russia as a scientific concept and significant phenomenon in contemporary higher education; it presents its structural components, features of its formation in the process of professional training of students.