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Abstract: At the present stage, there is a reform of the state policy in the field of family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood. In this regard, there is an acute problem of determining the phenomenon of «family» as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon. The phenomenon of «family» is a complex formation. To understand its essence, it is important to address the main trends of its development. The article describes them in the context of various domestic and foreign paradigms: philosophical, historical, ethnographic, sociological, demographic, which significantly expand the subject field of psychological and pedagogical research of the family. This made it possible to ensure the integrity of the perception of the phenomenon under study and to study its content. Of particular interest to the authors are foreign concepts: psychoanalytic, behavioral and humanistic. In domestic studies, the consideration of the phenomenon of «family» is developed in the context of two key approaches. In them the studied phenomenon is considered from the position of representation in society and from the position of realization of educational functions. In the present work, the authors systematize the existing trends in the development of the phenomenon of «family», than enrich the psychological and pedagogical branch of scientific knowledge. The materials of the article can be used in the courses of lectures on family psychology, psychology of family education and organization of work with a substitute family. The study allowed the authors to fix the dynamics of the studied phenomenon and the need to consider it taking into account socio-cultural characteristics.