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Abstract: The article deals with the global problem of improving and modernizing the system of professional qualifications in Russia. In recent years, this direction has been identified by the government of the Russian Federation as a priority in the field of education and taken under the control of the presidential structures and personally by Vladimir Putin. Further, defining the problem field of the study, the authors point out the importance of reviewing approaches to training, professional retraining and advanced training of teachers in the system of special and inclusive education. To create such basic and additional professional programs, it is very important to have deep fundamental scientific knowledge in the field of special pedagogy, psychology and medicine, theoretical ideas about the problems of health, life support and socialization of people with disabilities, and a high level of professional skills to provide them and their close environment with comprehensive assistance. Also, the fundamental aspect is represented by educational standards that focus developers not only on the content of training, its organization, personnel and financial support, but also on legal, regulatory and legal support of the learning process itself, which is important in providing all categories of children with disabilities with a quality education that meets their health passport and individual needs. The article indicates that at the present stage, among the priority areas is the training of teachers and specialists in psychological and pedagogical support for the system of providing early comprehensive assistance to children of the first years of life with developmental disabilities and their families. One of the main educational needs of children with disabilities, regardless of their nosology of disorders, is the need for an early start of diagnostic and correctional development measures to identify and overcome delays in various lines of development. Delayed communication development is typical for any category of children with special educational needs, which leads to a review of existing trends in the organization of diagnostic and correctional development activities in the framework of speech therapy for children of the first years of life. The article considers an innovative technology for assessing the level of communicative development of young children with various developmental disabilities and briefly defines strategies for subsequent speech therapy work on the formation of communication foundations, depending on the level of children’s communicative capabilities. This technology is an important progressive addition in the framework of training programs, professional retraining and advanced training, which was tested in this direction by the Institute of special education and comprehensive rehabilitation of the Moscow City University. This technology is included in the master’s degree programs, professional retraining and advanced training courses of this higher-level educational institution, which made it possible to expand the professional competencies of students. Summing up, the authors emphasize the importance of timely response of the system of higher education and additional professional education to modern trends and changing social conditions of our society.