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Abstract: The frequent cases of dope in sports make the problem of pharmacological support of sportsmen urgent. In the theory of physical training and sport there is a tendency to shift the accent from the perfection of a person with the help of physical activity towards adaptation of the human body to extreme physical exertion. The solution of the problem is traditionally regarded from the biological point of view, which leads to the disruption of physical activity and as a result, destroys the personality of a sportsman. Traditionally trainings cause exhaustion, which reveals itself in the distortion of the structures and functions, but after a period of rest there appears the effect of «super compensation» — recovery in a higher structural and functional level, which forms the basis of training activity. Understanding of the essence of training effects not only in biological aspect, but in pedagogical aspect as well, makes it possible to adjust pharmacological support of sportsmen in the extreme physical exertion. Pharmacological support should, first of all, provide normal lifestyle to a sportsman in the extreme physical exertion, including elimination of the mistakes of training methods. Thus the pedagogical aspect of pharmacological support in sport is the formation of understanding, that the sportsman’s perfection is possible only with the help of physical training, without which the use of pharmacological forms is purposeless.