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Abstract: Contemporary tendencies connected with modernization of Russian education stimulate the search for and experimental verification of new psychological, pedagogical, cultural, social and other approaches to teaching. Pedagogy of summer holidays is the area that needs careful study. Federal Program for education development in 2016-2020 states that “it is necessary to work out and implement new models of summer rest and health improvement of children in additional educational establishments during holidays”. This paper gives a brief overview of the process of establishment of Pioneer camps in the Urals and analyzes their role in the Pioneer movement of the country. Besides, the paper describes modern trends and innovations in planning summer holidays for children and teenagers in Sverdlovsk Region. There is statistics that lists the most popular ways to spend summer holidays. Special attention is paid to physical and mental health of children; ways of summer holidays organization with regard to communicative competence development during summer holidays, etc. The conclusion is made about characteristics and specific features of the stay in summer camp; the change of daily routine, participation in dynamic activities (a lot of events in the short period of time, nature as health improving factor), active communication (communication lasts all day long), emotionally rich background (the features of the children’s group that is made for a short period, unpredictability of the members of the group and different expectations of rest), understanding of values of rest and holidays (voluntary participation in camp events, readiness to conform one’s own motives with those of the other members of the group).